CHAPTER 5

Reading 5.3 (Types of Exposition: ‘Persuading That’ and ‘Persuading To’)
In this chapter, it states that it has two type of exposition which is ‘analytical exposition’ and the other one is ‘hortatory exposition’. ‘Analytical exposition’ is to persuade people that some judgment is correct or to explain why things are as they are. In other words, it tries to tell why something is like we see or hear. It often associated with academic speaking and writing. For ‘hortatory exposition’, it tries to persuade people to do what the ‘Thesis’ recommends’ or to explain why things should change’. It includes text such as political speeches, letters to the editor and office memos designed to changed employee behaviour. ‘Thesis’ in hortatory exposition refers to the main point of an argument. In expository writing, ‘objective’ will attempt to give the impression that arguments is based only sound evidence, not in particular interpretation or opinion of the evidence.

Reading 5.4 (Metaphor)
This reading focuses on explaining the relationship between the writer’s choices of metaphor and how these choices may influence the readers. It stated clearly that metaphor plays a key role in enabling us to talk about and construct the world, and allows language users the flexibility to cope with rapidly changing circumstances. ‘Metaphor’ means language that directly compares seemingly unrelated subjects. In simple way, metaphor function is describing something with something for example She is flower which means that girl is beautiful. But then, nowadays people not really use it in their daily life. It comes naturally in our daily conversation. Metaphor in discourse is to illustrate an object in a rather different way (Interpretation of language). While container metaphor means an ontological metaphor in which some represent as having inside and outside, and capable of holding something else. Ontological metaphor is which an abstractive such as an activity, emotion or idea is represented as something concrete such as an object or a person.