Reading 5.3 (Types of Exposition: ‘Persuading That’ and ‘Persuading To’)
In this chapter, it states that it has two type of exposition which is ‘analytical exposition’ and the other one is ‘hortatory exposition’. ‘Analytical exposition’ is to persuade people that some judgment is correct or to explain why things are as they are. In other words, it tries to tell why something is like we see or hear. It often associated with academic speaking and writing. For ‘hortatory exposition’, it tries to persuade people to do what the ‘Thesis’ recommends’ or to explain why things should change’. It includes text such as political speeches, letters to the editor and office memos designed to changed employee behaviour. ‘Thesis’ in hortatory exposition refers to the main point of an argument. In expository writing, ‘objective’ will attempt to give the impression that arguments is based only sound evidence, not in particular interpretation or opinion of the evidence.
Reading 5.4 (Metaphor)
This reading focuses on explaining the relationship between the writer’s choices of metaphor and how these choices may influence the readers. It stated clearly that metaphor plays a key role in enabling us to talk about and construct the world, and allows language users the flexibility to cope with rapidly changing circumstances. ‘Metaphor’ means language that directly compares seemingly unrelated subjects. In simple way, metaphor function is describing something with something for example She is flower which means that girl is beautiful. But then, nowadays people not really use it in their daily life. It comes naturally in our daily conversation. Metaphor in discourse is to illustrate an object in a rather different way (Interpretation of language). While container metaphor means an ontological metaphor in which some represent as having inside and outside, and capable of holding something else. Ontological metaphor is which an abstractive such as an activity, emotion or idea is represented as something concrete such as an object or a person.
Wednesday, 25 March 2009
Monday, 2 March 2009
CHAPTER 4
Reading 4.3 (What is the Evidence)
This part explained about issue of evidence. ‘Evidence’ refers to information that gives a strong reason for behaving or proves. In other words, to give answer to a question, describe on an event at which one was present. Two type of evidence. There is testimonial evidence while the other one is circumstantial evidence. Testimonial evidence refers to the thing that they use in court to show it as proves about something such as tape recorder, pictures, letters or else. Circumstantial evidence is not altogether trustworthy as a basis for determining guilt. They prefer testimonial evidence, such as eyewitnesses, who testify that they themselves have seen the accuse commit the crime.
Reading 4.4 (Statistic)
Statistic has two different meaning. For plural, it means information about any phenomenon or activity expressed in numeric form. For singular, it symbolized the art and science of collecting, presenting analyzing and interpreting numerical data. Statistic is important because it easy to use (basis) of rational decision and conclusion. The important of statistic are for the government, they use it to show the quantitative aspects of the social and also for the economics and physical condition. For business, it prediction of sales and cots, show the quality control, show the production markets researches and quantitative personal records. For research, it use for rely heavily on statistical analysis other quality of animal feeds and other form materials. But it often is misused. People with vested interest may enforce figures to serve their ends. Advertisement, for examples, always misleading statistical statement and reports. Ignorance and carelessness may also give rise to statistical blunders.
Reading 4.5 (Crooked and Fallacious Thinking)
Based on the presentation, ‘crooked’ means bent or twisted thinking while fallacious is an idea that people think that is rue but actually not. In this chapter, I understand on how the writers or speakers influence readers or viewer to agree with their statement.
This part explained about issue of evidence. ‘Evidence’ refers to information that gives a strong reason for behaving or proves. In other words, to give answer to a question, describe on an event at which one was present. Two type of evidence. There is testimonial evidence while the other one is circumstantial evidence. Testimonial evidence refers to the thing that they use in court to show it as proves about something such as tape recorder, pictures, letters or else. Circumstantial evidence is not altogether trustworthy as a basis for determining guilt. They prefer testimonial evidence, such as eyewitnesses, who testify that they themselves have seen the accuse commit the crime.
Reading 4.4 (Statistic)
Statistic has two different meaning. For plural, it means information about any phenomenon or activity expressed in numeric form. For singular, it symbolized the art and science of collecting, presenting analyzing and interpreting numerical data. Statistic is important because it easy to use (basis) of rational decision and conclusion. The important of statistic are for the government, they use it to show the quantitative aspects of the social and also for the economics and physical condition. For business, it prediction of sales and cots, show the quality control, show the production markets researches and quantitative personal records. For research, it use for rely heavily on statistical analysis other quality of animal feeds and other form materials. But it often is misused. People with vested interest may enforce figures to serve their ends. Advertisement, for examples, always misleading statistical statement and reports. Ignorance and carelessness may also give rise to statistical blunders.
Reading 4.5 (Crooked and Fallacious Thinking)
Based on the presentation, ‘crooked’ means bent or twisted thinking while fallacious is an idea that people think that is rue but actually not. In this chapter, I understand on how the writers or speakers influence readers or viewer to agree with their statement.
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