CHAPTER 2

Reading 2.2 (Language Perspective and Ideology)
Based on my understanding, Lee does two things; explain the key terms and shows how these nations are connected to the choices made by the writers in the construction of text. The key terms that I understand from this reading are ideology which means a set of ideas that an economic or political system in based on. It is the belief system and outlook of particular group of people. Then perspective means a particular attitude towards something. It’s like nigger for Negro. For, metaphor it refers to word or phrase that imaginative something that describe something/somebody for example ‘the boy as stupid as a cow’. While metonymy, it means that the act of something that refer to somebody else. An example from this reading, the inhabitants of a town are referred to as ‘township’. In this reading, Lee shows how a text will contain linguistic features that act as ‘markers’ or indicators of the representatives and ideology of both writer and intend audience.

Reading 2.3 (Texts and Textualities)
Text refers to the main printed part of reading materials and textualities means connected with or contained in a fact. The idea of this chapter is that texts are always socially constructed to have certain meanings. We can learned about a society by exploratory their customs. When we analyzing the text, we can discover about attitudes and belief that encourage them towards the social action and we can think about the effect. This reading explains how by examine the writer’s choice of structure of sentence, and the pattern of language that the writer used. Some key terms that the writer used in the reading are signifier, signified, paradigmatic and syntagmatic. Signifier means the word that printed that stand for other things. It contrasts with signified which means the object that they talking about. Paradigmatic is a typical example or pattern of something. Syntagmatic is relating to the choice or pattern of sentence structure.